Tag Archives: #affordablehousing

The Patient Capital Behind Many Affordable Housing Projects

Quasi-Public CEDAC Has Helped Finance 455K Homes

The Community Economic De­velopment Assis­tance Corporation, or CEDAC, was created by the Massachusetts Leg­islature nearly 50 years ago, to expend public money on technical as­sistance for community development corpo­rations and other organizations in economi­cally distressed target areas.

CEDAC’s mission was later expanded to provide both financing and technical assis­tance to eligible organizations committed to preserving and creating affordable housing for low- and moderate-income individuals. CEDAC’s affiliate, the Children’s Investment Fund, is engaged in improving early child­hood education and out-of-school program facilities for children from low- and moder­ate-income families.

CEDAC can be described as a quasi-gov­ernmental corporation that invests in non­profit organizations committed to promoting a better quality of life for individuals and fam­ilies overlooked by the free-market economy.

CEDAC’s role in preserving and creating affordable and supportive housing is expected to grow over the next few years, in part because of the Affordable Homes Act of 2024.

Source of Pre-Development Funds

Under CEDAC’s enabling legislation, only “eligible organizations” can qualify for its technical and financial assistance. Eligible organizations are defined to include CDCs and nonprofits committed to improving eco­nomic well-being of target areas, stabilizing and expanding employment and investment in those areas and preserving and creating affordable housing.

CEDAC provides those organizations with bridge pre-development and acquisition fi­nancing to support their projects before they close on construction financing. Its programs are also directed toward creation of supportive housing for elders, veterans, homeless individuals and families and dis­abled persons, as well as preservation of af­fordable housing units whose affordability limitations are scheduled to expire.

Working on behalf of the Massachusetts Executive Office of Housing and Livable Communities, CEDAC also administers sev­eral sources of “patient” financing – that is, permanent loans with distant maturity dates, typically at 0 percent interest.

 

To obtain such financing, eligible organi­zations are expected to commit to long term affordability restrictions benefiting low- and moderate-income individuals. Some sources also have specific requirements to serve in­dividuals with disabilities, homeless house­holds or other vulnerable populations, while offering supportive services

The results of CEDAC’s efforts are note­worthy. Its financing and technical assis­tance programs have contributed to the pro­duction or preservation of over 455,000 dwelling units in Massachusetts.

Works on Behalf of State

For a typical CEDAC predevelopment or acquisition loan structure, CEDAC can pro­vide an acquisition loan for up to 100 percent of appraised value, with predevelopment fi­nancing to cover other soft costs. These loans often have a two- or three-year term.

CEDAC’s permanent financing sources involve various forms of supportive hous­ing, and must be awarded by EOHLC, usu­ally in one of the several competitive fund­ing rounds held annually.

Permanent loans are non-interest bear­ing, and in most cases are for 30-year terms without periodic principal payments. In ex­change for these benefits, nonprofits agree to sign and record an affordable housing re­striction on their properties with a 30-year term.

In consultation with EOHLC, CEDAC is also willing to extend loan maturity dates beyond the initial 30-year term, as long as the nonprofit continues to comply with pro­gram requirements. On behalf of EOHLC, CEDAC has overseen the financing of over 22,000 supportive housing units.

CEDAC’s affordable housing restriction requires nonprofit developers to lease resi­dential units only to lower-income or dis­abled individuals. Social service programs must be maintained for residents of sup­portive housing. Units are made available through a marketing plan acceptable to CEDAC, and CEDAC is involved in assuring that residents are income qualified for the affordable and supportive units.

EOHLC reserves a right of first refusal to purchase the property if the nonprofit wants to sell it later. EOHLC also reserves an op­tion to purchase the property at its then-cur­rent appraised value when the affordable housing restriction expires. CEDAC will subordinate its mortgage to institutional lenders that agree to honor EOHLC’s rights under the affordable housing restriction.

CEDAC’s most recent annual report, pub­lished as of the end of 2024, shows impres­sive results.

59 Projects in One Year

During that year alone, CEDAC loaned or granted, including participations, over $44 million in financial assistance on 59 projects with 2,315 dwelling units. Its affiliate, Chil­dren’s Investment Fund, also made available another $2 million for childcare projects.

CEDAC’s role in preserving and creating affordable and supportive housing is ex­pected to grow over the next few years, in part because of the Affordable Homes Act of 2024.

The AHA authorized the state treasurer to issue up to $5.16 billion in bonds to fi­nance government funding for housing proj­ects. Much of the authorized funds will be distributed through EOHLC, which, in turn, will rely on CEDAC and other quasi-public corporations to administer funding for qual­ified projects.

With a proven record of accomplish­ments, and financial support through the AHA, CEDAC is poised for continued suc­cess in 2026.

Download the article as seen in Banker & Tradesman on November 24, 2025. Learn more about Christopher R. Vaccaro.

‘Affordable Housing’ Has a Special Meaning in Massachusetts

State Regulations Set Definitions for Housing Category

Trinity Financial is proposing 700 apartments and condominiums in Charlestown, including 407 income-restricted units, on Austin Street parking lots offered by the city of Boston for a mixed-income development

 Massachusetts residents are familiar with entreaties for production of more “affordable housing” from well-meaning government leaders and housing advocates.

The commonwealth does indeed suffer from a shortage of reasonably priced dwelling units, but before joining the chorus of promoters of “affordable housing,” one might want to consider the meaning of that term, and the consequences of affordable housing initiatives.

The state Executive Office of Housing and Livable Communities (EOHLC) plays a major role in housing development and affordable housing programs. It is responsible for administering local housing authorities and overseeing state-aided housing projects, urban renewal regulations, housing voucher programs, low-income housing tax credits, smart growth zoning and comprehensive permits for affordable housing projects. It also determines whether municipalities are in compliance with the MBTA Communities law.

EOHLC regulations define “affordable housing” as “homeownership or rental housing which is restricted to occupancy by low- or moderate-income households and for which the sales prices or rents are affordable to such households.”  The regulations define “low- or moderate-income households” as those “with gross income at or less than 80 percent of area median household income as most recently determined by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) adjusted for household size.”

Housing production is the core of EOHLC’s mission.

Area median household income varies throughout Massachusetts, but it is generally in the vicinity of $100,000 per year. These definitions are essential to EOHLC’s affordable housing programs.

The city of Boston and many other municipalities have their own affordable housing requirements baked into their zoning ordinances and bylaws. Boston’s zoning mandate, known as “Inclusionary Zoning,” is particularly aggressive.

It requires new housing projects with seven or more dwelling units, to set aside up to 20 percent of units as income-re-stricted: 17 percent deed-restricted and another 3 percent set aside for holders of state or federal housing subsidy vouchers.

The Mayor’s Office of Housing (MOH) oversees compliance with Boston’s Inclusionary Zoning ordinance.

Boston Sets Minimum Requirement

In order for affordable housing programs to meet their goals, government agencies, such as EOHLC, MOH and local housing boards, must limit housing prices and rents on affordable units, and determine income eligibility of buyers and renters of those units. These monitoring agencies also must ensure that when affordable units are resold or relet, the household incomes of new occupants do not exceed eligibility limits.

These responsibilities require a lot of effort not only from monitoring agencies, but also from developers, landlords and property managers of affordable units.

To set pricing of affordable units and see that affordable units are only owned by or rented to income-eligible households, developers must accept deed restrictions under affordable housing agreements. These pricing and occupancy restrictions generally last for decades.

Developers intending to sell affordable units to homebuyers are expected to assemble and submit to monitoring agencies marketing plans directed at income-eligible buyers. Developers are sometimes required to give preferences to first-time home buyers, local residents or artists.
The deed restrictions limit resale prices on affordable units, to prevent owners from enjoying profits from a resale, and to verify that buyers meet income eligibility limits. Monitoring agencies must certify that resales meet these requirements.

Challenges in Upkeep and Monitoring

Similar restrictions apply to affordable rental units. Developers must present marketing plans acceptable to monitoring agencies, with limitations on rents and tenant incomes.

Affordable housing restrictions present interesting challenges.

For example, when properties inevitably require capital improvements or replacements, owners need the ability to recover their expenditures. Restrictions on resale prices and rents must be loosened to accommodate these expenditures, which owners of affordable units must verify with monitoring agencies.

Also, affordability restrictions on rental properties should be tailored to address increases to occupants’ income levels. Individuals who have low or moderate incomes when they first join the workforce often enjoy significant pay increases as they acquire skills, experience and responsibilities. Monitoring agencies should have mechanisms to prevent “over-income” households from enjoying the benefits of affordability restrictions intended for lower-income households.

Keeping track of tenant income, and moving over-income households out of affordable units to make room for income eligible households, can be difficult for monitoring agencies.

Affordable housing in Massachusetts has come to mean not inexpensive housing, but instead price-controlled housing set aside for lower-income individuals with associated governmental oversight. Imposing affordable housing requirements on developers might be good public policy, if combined with financial incentives that encourage production of more market-rate housing for the general public.

But, if local governments use overly restrictive zoning limitations to force developers to build affordable housing, and their restrictions result in less overall housing production, then it’s time to reevaluate those limitations.

Download the article as seen in Banker & Tradesman on December 30, 2024. Learn more about Christopher R. Vaccaro.